The sanctions imposed on Russia in 2014 have called into question the country's economic health. The import substitution strategy chosen by the authorities assumes a reduction in the dependence of production and industry on imported foreign goods.
Over the past two years, it is already possible to summarize some results on the dynamics of the reduction in imports. Below are the top 10 import substitution breakthroughs. You may be interested in the article: Russia's new weapon - TOP-10 breakthroughs.
10. Mechanical engineering and metal processing
This industry is the foundation of the entire economy, and it is very sad that it is in mechanical engineering that we have more than 80% of imported products, which means that the entire economy is tied to goods from other countries and directly depends on this. Now we can state that the existing base of mechanical engineering is expanding, the factories that did not work before are resuming their work.
For example, a plant will be opened in Saratov to produce heavy gear cutting machines. LTD "Chernivtsi central electromechanical workshops"Began to produce bodies and buckets for mining equipment, and"Uralmashplant»Launches the production of the latest hydraulic excavators.
9. Light industry
In light industry, imports fluctuate around 30-50% for different groups of industries. Main problem: few factories producing fabrics and sewing clothes, and too few offers for primary products such as linen and cotton.
As part of import substitution, new production facilities are being opened: a modernized knitwear factory was opened in the Tula region "BTK Knitwear", One of the largest enterprises in Russia for the production of textile fabrics was built in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic"Textile Industry».
There is a search for new varieties of cotton that can be grown in colder Russian regions, as in the Volgograd region they have already harvested twice, and thereby expanded the primary cotton market.
8. Production and processing of fish products
Despite the fact that the market for fish products was imported in smaller volumes than other industries, there has been significant progress in this area with the participation of a large number of investments. A new fish processing factory has started operating in Murmansk "Polar Sea +»With a design capacity of 10 thousand tons per year, the company produces frozen cod using super-cooling technologies.
A plant for growing tilapia fish, completely imported from abroad to Russia, will be launched in the Astrakhan region. The volume of production should be in the region of 1,000 tons per year. And in the Khabarovsk Territory, a fish processing plant is being built on the basis of old workshops.
7. Tourism industry
In tourism, active development began in many regions of Russia, which previously did not attract tourists due to the lack of service, routes or natural attractions. The authorities and investors are looking for ways out in branding regions, historical tourism, the development of such tours and routes that are aimed not only at contemplation and active recreation, but also at the development of intelligence, expanding knowledge, new methods of treatment, creating man-made monuments and attractions.
The most important innovation can be considered the introduction of the Russian ticket booking system. A wine tourism project is being developed in the city of Novorossiysk, routes are being developed “Silver necklace of Russia», The resorts of the Altai Territory and the Altai Republic are actively expanding. You may be interested in the article 5 best hotels in Anapa (all inclusive).
6. Oil and gas industry
In the Russian Federation, it is oil and gas that are the main suppliers of cash receipts. "Gazprom"Was among the first to actively promote the import substitution strategy and concluded an agreement with the plant"Trubodetal»For the production of special ball valves used in the gas industry.
Factory "Prompribor", Thanks to a large investment program within the framework of import substitution, on its basis it produces equipment that is used from a well to a processing plant, and JSCBulanash machine-building plant»Manufactures the latest drilling rigs that have no analogues in the world.
5. Medical and pharmaceutical industry
This industry is actively engaged in the invention of fundamentally new drugs and medical equipment, as well as the manufacture of Russian analogues of foreign drugs. In Kazan, the production of generics has already begun, which were mainly imported.
The production of intelligent children's prostheses is developing in the Arkhangelsk region, and the latest drugs for atherosclerosis and tuberculosis have been invented in the Irkutsk region. Cluster pharmaceutical policy is developing in many regions, which helps to combine research and development and large-scale production.
4. Transport industry
In the production of main parts and assemblies in the transport sector, the role of imports is great. Thanks to the import substitution strategy, some transport complexes have already switched to 93% of domestic components. This is due to the expansion of our production facilities.
So, for example, on the basis of JSC "Pneumatics"The newest brake systems for trains will be produced; offshore tank containers for"Gazprom», Ulan-Ude Distillery is expanding the production of components for diesel locomotives, which were imported from Ukraine.
3. Computer software
The main problem in Russia is the active use of foreign software in large companies, corporations, as well as in the public administration system. One of the tasks of import substitution is to facilitate the transition of key companies and government agencies to domestic software.
The integration platform “Zircon", On the basis of which it is possible to create various automated secure systems for many industries. The Unified Register of Domestic Software has been launched. Development began in the field of mobile operating systems. Many Russian companies such as “Russian Railways», «Sberbank», «Rostelecom»Have already abandoned foreign software.
2. Chemical industry
The challenge for Russian chemists is to find materials that will move the industry as a whole forward. A modern packaging plant was opened in Tatarstan, which is still the only one in Russia. In Omsk on "Omsk rubber»Revive latex production. Nizhnekamsk produces polyethylene for the production of cable sheaths, which will replace imported materials.
1. Agricultural production
To a large extent, agricultural products fell under the sanctions. Over the course of several years of import substitution, domestic farmers have done a tremendous job of finding alternative options for the production of cheeses, vegetables, fruits, elite seeds and much more. There are a huge number of examples in this industry: in the Altai Territory, the production of marbled beef is expanding.
In Dagestan, more than 1,500 hectares of land were laid for garden crops, a new poultry complex was opened in the Lipetsk region, a greenhouse complex was built in Tyumen, and so on. work is being done in all areas of agriculture.
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